The SCAF programme (Future Combat Air System), launched by France and Germany in 2017 before being joined by Spain, was intended to embody a new era for the European defence industry. An “Airbus of air combat”, capable of competing with the United States and guaranteeing Europe, particularly France and Germany, strategic sovereignty. Eight years later, delays, tensions and internal paralysis have transformed this ambition into a textbook case of the difficulties faced by the

The Maastricht Treaty restored the German sovereignty within a broader federal European framework, accepted by its neighbors. Maastricht was the treaty of German reunification and the first version of « federal » Europe “. Although from the same root resulting from the split of the empire of Charlemagne in 843, France and Germany took divergent paths leading to opposite nature and destiny, and above all, opposite views on Europe. Germany is a federal state with a late unifica